This article is based on the authors’ paper “Digitalization and Firm Performance in Middle East and North Africa: Case Studies of Jordan, Morocco, and Egypt” (2023). The authors are grateful to Carnegie Foundation and the Economic Research Forum for support and thank Dr. Shahrokh Fardoust and Dr. Ibrahim El-Badawi for fruitful discussions, and Dr. Izak Atiyas and Dr. Mustapha K. Nabli for insightful comments. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this presentation are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organisations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Nong Zhu is a professor at Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada. He holds a Ph. D. in Economics from International Development Research Center (CERDI), University of Auvergne, France. His research interests include migration, the labour market, poverty and inequality, firm performance and rural development.

Xubei Luo is a Senior Economist in the Strategy and Operations unit of the World Bank’s Development Finance Vice Presidency. She holds a Ph. D. in Economics from International Development Research Center (CERDI), University of Auvergne, France. Her research interests includes macroeconomic policy, poverty and inequality, private sector development, supply chains, the labour market, digital economy, results chains, and monitoring and evaluation.