Description
The MENA region faces persistent economic and political challenges, including high youth
unemployment and gender inequality. Economic growth has fluctuated, with significant declines
due to civil wars, regional conflicts, and natural disasters. Despite low greenhouse gas emissions,
the region is highly vulnerable to climate change, impacting water and food security and driving
migration. The Middle East’s strategic location attracts global power interests, complicating
regional stability. Conflicting foreign interests have fueled ethnic and sectarian conflicts, hindering
development. The decline of global multilateralism has weakened responses to crises in Libya
and Sudan.
Katherine Holden is a graduate student at Oklahoma University. Her areas of expertise include
energy security and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
Gawdat Bahgat is a professor at National Defense University. His areas of expertise include
American foreign policy and the Middle East.
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