Orient IV 2024: Migration trends in the MENA region

Dear ORIENT readers,

For decades, the MENA region has been a focal point of conflict and the resulting migratory
pressures. The consequences of these migration flows are multifaceted, impacting both neighboring countries, which often serve as initial refuges, and Europe, the ultimate destination for many refugees. Host countries face significant challenges in integration, social services, and maintaining social peace, alongside opportunities for cultural exchange and economic stimulation.

This edition of our quarterly journal delves into the geopolitical, security, and economic issues related to these migration dynamics. We begin with a contribution by Manfred A. Lange on The Role of Environmental Changes and Conflicts
on Migration in the MENA Region. Katherine Holden and Gawdat Bahgat then explore Global Power Competition: Sudan and Libya, examining how this competition influences migration movements in both countries. Katja Mielke considers the increasing number of Afghan migrants and the role of the international migration regime in this trend.
Next, Amira Ahmed discusses how the previously fluid borders of the Global South have become sharply divided and resistant to receiving migrants and refugees from neighboring countries. Amrita Jash broadens the scope with Chinese Migration to the Middle East: Trends, Drivers, and Impact. Finally, James M. Dorsey shifts the perspective to Domestic and Geopolitical Challenges: Syrian Refugees in Turkey, highlighting the complex situation faced by Syrians in Turkey.

We hope this edition provides you with insightful perspectives on these pressing issues.

Dr. Andreas Reinicke
Director of the German Orient-Institute