Description
This study analyses the mechanisms through which China performs its balancing act when
dealing with regional rivalries in the Middle East, especially between Saudi Arabia and Iran.
We argue that unlike traditional balance of power practices in the Western context, China’s
understanding can be better described with the Chinese phrase “Ping-Heng” (平衡). The latter
refers to holding a balanced position among states in rivalry and keeping good relations with all of
them. China performs its balancing strategy mainly through three mechanisms. Diplomatically, it
establishes same-level partnerships with both by paying identical state visits, and by promptly
soothing one’s dissatisfaction with diplomatic interactions with the other. Institutionally, China seeks
to absorb Saudi Arabia and Iran into multi-lateral organizations, such as SCO and BRICS, by pro-
viding platforms for them to promote mutual communication and cooperation. Militarily, China
keeps abundant arms sales to Saudi while holding more drills with Iran to alleviate security con-
cerns of each side. Under China’s balanced act, Saudi Arabia and Iran understand China as a re-
liable broker.
Yao Chen, PhD Candidate, School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai
International Studies University, China.
Tuncay Kardaş, Professor, Director of Middle East Institute, Sakarya University, Türkiye.
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